Analysis of the core technology of intelligent lighting
1.Wireless communication technology
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is widely used in intelligent lighting, which is based on IEEE802.11 standard, and its working frequency band is usually 2.4GHz or 5GHz. Its working frequency band is usually 2.4GHz or 5GHz, and it can realize high-speed data transmission in the intelligent lighting system.
For example, when users control a large number of lighting devices, switch complex scene modes or control them remotely via a mobile app, Wi-Fi can respond quickly. Moreover, it has a large coverage area and is suitable for intelligent lighting networking in various scenarios such as home and business.
However, Wi-Fi power consumption is relatively high, for some battery-powered smart lamps and lanterns, the range will be affected, at the same time, the signal is easily blocked by obstacles, the signal may be unstable in complex building structures.
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communication technology that works in the 2.4GHz frequency band. It uses frequency hopping technology to enhance anti-interference capability. In smart lighting, Bluetooth has the advantage of low power consumption, enabling smart lamps to be used for long periods of time on battery power.
For example, Bluetooth smart bulbs can be conveniently paired and connected with cell phones and other devices within a short distance, and users can easily realize operations such as switching, dimming and color adjustment. The disadvantage is that the transmission distance is limited, generally about 10 meters, not suitable for large areas or multi-area intelligent lighting control, and the number of connected devices is relatively limited.
Zigbee
Zigbee is a low-power, low-rate wireless communication protocol that also works in the 2.4GHz frequency band. It adopts mesh network topology, and each node can be used as a relay with high scalability. In the intelligent lighting system, it can effectively connect many lighting devices to form a stable network.
For example, in the lighting system of a large office building, hundreds of smart lights can be easily managed by the Zigbee gateway. However, Zigbee requires a specialized gateway to connect to the Internet, which increases the system cost, and its equipment price is relatively high, which limits its market share to some extent.
2.Sensor Technology
light sensor
Light sensors can sense the ambient light intensity, mostly based on the photoelectric effect. It can accurately measure light intensity and provide a basis for automatic dimming of intelligent lighting systems. For example, in the case of smart lamps by the window, the light sensor can adjust the light brightness in real time according to the changes in natural light to realize energy saving.
However, it is susceptible to contamination by dust, oil and other contaminants, which may lead to measurement errors, and may not be able to accurately determine the light situation in complex lighting environments, such as when multiple light sources are mixed, thus affecting the dimming effect.
Body sensors
Pyroelectric infrared sensors determine the presence of a human body by detecting the infrared rays emitted by the body. When the human body enters the detection range and there is a temperature change, the sensor will be triggered.
In intelligent lighting, it is commonly used in corridors, bathrooms and other places to realize that people come to light up and go out. However, it has certain requirements on the direction and speed of human movement, if the human body moves slowly or is stationary, detection errors may occur.
3.The dimming color technology
PWM dimming
PWM dimming regulates the brightness of the light by controlling the pulse width. In a fixed period, the proportion of high level time determines the brightness. This technology has high dimming accuracy and can realize a continuous smooth transition from dark to bright.
It is widely used in LED intelligent lighting, and can precisely control the brightness to meet the needs of different scenes. However, if the PWM frequency is not set properly, it will produce strobe problems, and a long time in the strobe environment may lead to visual fatigue and other problems.
Analog dimming
Analog dimming by changing the current or voltage flowing through the light source to adjust the brightness. Its circuit is relatively simple and low cost. In some traditional light sources (such as incandescent lamps) in the dimming system used more.
However, for new light sources such as LEDs, analog dimming may lead to color changes, because the light-emitting properties of LEDs and current, voltage relationship is close, change its size may change the light-emitting color, and the efficiency of this dimming method is relatively low.
Color temperature adjustment
Color temperature adjustment is mainly used for LED lighting. By adjusting the proportion of luminous intensity of different color chips (such as red, green, blue) to change the color temperature. For example, increasing the power of the blue chip can increase the color temperature, resulting in a cool white effect; increase the power of the red chip to reduce the color temperature, creating a warm light atmosphere.
This is widely used in the family, commercial display and other scenes, according to different scene requirements (such as office, leisure, sleep) to adjust the color temperature. However, the control circuit and chip quality requirements are high, otherwise it is easy to have inaccurate color temperature adjustment or uneven color problems.